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TYPES OF RETAINING WALLS

 Types of Retaining Structures There are many types of retaining structures for soil and other materials, but listed below are the types of retaining walls used today. Most of these will be discussed in later chapters. Cantilevered retaining walls These are the most common type of retaining walls. Cantilevered walls are classified as "yielding" because they are free to rotate without any lateral restraint. Cantilevered retaining walls are generally of masonry or concrete, or both, but can also take other forms as will be described.. Types of cantilevered retaining walls include: Masonry or concrete walls Masonry stems are usually either 8" or 12" concrete block masonry units, partially or solid grouted, and reinforced. Higher walls require 12" blocks and are often stepped back to 8" thick as the retained height diminishes. The stems of a concrete wall must be formed, and can be tapered for economy, usually with the taper on the inside (earth side) to prese...
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Basic Of Retaining Wall Design

Chapter 1  1 .Evolution of Retaining Structures In the year one-million BC, or thereabouts, an anonymous man, or woman, laid a row of stones atop another row to keep soil from sliding into their camp. Thus was constructed an early retaining wall, and we've been keeping soil in place ever since. with increasingly better methods and understanding. The early engineers in ancient cultures of Egypt, Greece, Rome, and the Mayans, were masters at invention and experimentation, learning primarily through intuition and trial-and-error what worked and what didn't We marvel at their achievements. Even the most casual observer looks in wonder at the magnificent structures they created and have stood for thousands of years including countless retaining walls. With great skill they cut, shaped, and set stone with such precision that the joints were paper thin. Reinforced concrete would not be developed for thousands of years, but they used what they had, and learned how to do it better with ...
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